Cooking_Substitutions

INGREDIENT	QUANTITY	SUBSTITUTE
Baking Powder	1 tsp double acting	1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 cup buttermilk or
Baking Powder	1 tsp double acting	1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
Butter	1 cup	1 cup margarine or
Butter	1 cup	7/8 cup lard + 1/2 tsp salt
Buttermilk	1 cup	1 Tbsp vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup
Buttermilk	1 cup	2/3 cup plain yogurt + 1/3 cup sweet milk
Chocolate	1 ounce	3 Tbsp cocoa + 1 Tbsp shortening
Corn Starch (for thickening)	1 Tbsp	2 Tbsp flour
Cream	1 cup	1/2 cup butter + 3/4 cup milk
Egg	1 whole	2 egg yolks
Flour	1 cup all purpose	1 cup + 2 Tbsp cake flour
Flour	1 cup cake flour	7/8 cup all purpose flour
Flour	1 cup self-rising Flour	1 cup flour (omit baking powder & salt)
Garlic	1 small clove	1/8 tsp garlic powder
Herbs	1 Tbsp fresh	1 tsp dried
Honey	1 cup	1 1/4 cups sugar + 1/4 cup liquid
Milk, fresh whole	1 cup	1 cup reconstituted dry milk + 2 tsp butter
Milk, whole	1 cup	1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water
Milk, sour	1 cup	1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup
Minced Onion (rehydrated)	1 Tbsp instant	1 small fresh onion
Molasses	1 cup	1 cup honey
Mustard, prepared	1 Tbsp	1 tsp dry mustard
Ricotta Cheese	1 cup	1 cup cottage cheese + 1 Tbsp skim milk
Sour Cream	1 cup	1 cup yogurt
Sugar, Brown	1 cup	3/4 cup granulated sugar + 1/4 cup molasses
Sugar, Powdered	1 1/3 cups	1 cup granulated sugar
Yogurt	1 cup	1 cup buttermilk

Spice Substitutions
Allspice	Cinnamon; cassia; dash of nutmeg or mace; or dash of cloves
Aniseed	Fennel seed or a few drops anise extract
Cardamom	Ginger
Chili Powder	Dash bottled hot pepper sauce plus a combination of oregano and cumin
Cloves	Allspice; cinnamon; or nutmeg
Cumin	Chili powder
Ginger	Allspice; cinnamon; mace; or nutmeg
Mace	Allspice; cinnamon; ginger; or nutmeg
Nutmeg	Cinnamon; ginger; or mace
Saffron	Dash turmeric (for color)

Herb Substitutions
Basil	Oregano or thyme
Chervil	Tarragon or parsley
Chive	Green onion; onion; or leek
Cilantro	Parsley
Italian Seasoning	Blend of any of these: basil, oregano, rosemary, and ground red pepper

Marjoram	Basil; thyme; or savory
Mint	Basil; marjoram; or rosemary
Oregano	Thyme or basil
Parsley	Chervil or cilantro
Poultry Seasoning	Sage plus a blend of any of these: thyme, marjoram, savory, black pepper, and rosemary
Red Pepper	Dash bottled hot pepper sauce or black pepper
Rosemary	Thyme; tarragon; or savory
Sage	Poultry seasoning; savory; marjoram; or rosemary
Savory	Thyme; marjoram; or sage
Tarragon	Chervil; dash fennel seed; or dash aniseed
Thyme	Basil; marjoram; oregano; or savory